GuilinDev

Lc0099

05 August 2008

99 Recover Binary Search Tree

原题概述

Two elements of a binary search tree (BST) are swapped by mistake.

Recover the tree without changing its structure.

Example 1:

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Input: [1,3,null,null,2]

   1
  /
 3
  \
   2

Output: [3,1,null,null,2]

   3
  /
 1
  \
   2

Example 2:

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Input: [3,1,4,null,null,2]

  3
 / \
1   4
   /
  2

Output: [2,1,4,null,null,3]

  2
 / \
1   4
   /
  3

Follow up:

  • A solution using O(n) space is pretty straight forward.
  • Could you devise a constant space solution?

题意和分析

参考了这里(http://blog.csdn.net/linhuanmars/article/details/24566995 )这道题是要求恢复一颗有两个元素调换错了的二叉查找树。一开始拿到可能会觉得比较复杂,其实观察出规律了就比较简单。主要还是利用二叉查找树的主要性质,就是中序遍历是有序的性质。那么如果其中有元素被调换了,意味着中序遍历中必然出现违背有序的情况。那么会出现几次呢?

有两种情况,如果是中序遍历相邻的两个元素被调换了,很容易想到就只需会出现一次违反情况,只需要把这个两个节点记录下来最后调换值就可以;如果是不相邻的两个元素被调换了,举个例子很容易可以发现,会发生两次逆序的情况,那么这时候需要调换的元素应该是第一次逆序前面的元素,和第二次逆序后面的元素。比如1234567,1和5调换了,会得到5234167,逆序发生在52和41,我们需要把4和1调过来,那么就是52的第一个元素,41的第二个元素调换即可。 搞清楚了规律就容易实现了,中序遍历寻找逆序情况,调换的第一个元素,永远是第一个逆序的第一个元素,而调换的第二个元素如果只有一次逆序,则是那一次的后一个,如果有两次逆序则是第二次的后一个。算法只需要一次中序遍历,所以时间复杂度是O(n),空间是栈大小O(logn)。

代码

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/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode() {}
 *     TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 *     TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 *         this.val = val;
 *         this.left = left;
 *         this.right = right;
 *     }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    TreeNode pre = new TreeNode(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
    public void recoverTree(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }
        ArrayList<TreeNode> toBeSwapped = new ArrayList<>();
        inorder(root, toBeSwapped);
        if (toBeSwapped.size() > 0) {
            // swap two values
            int temp = toBeSwapped.get(0).val;
            toBeSwapped.get(0).val = toBeSwapped.get(1).val;
            toBeSwapped.get(1).val = temp;
        }
    }
    private void inorder(TreeNode node, ArrayList<TreeNode> toBeSwapped) {
        if (node == null) {
            return;
        }
        inorder(node.left, toBeSwapped);
        if (pre != null && pre.val > node.val) {
            if (toBeSwapped.size() == 0) {
                toBeSwapped.add(pre);
                toBeSwapped.add(node);
            } else {
                toBeSwapped.set(1, node);
            }
        }
        pre = node;
        inorder(node.right, toBeSwapped);
    }
}

这里有大神介绍了Morris Traversal(http://www.cnblogs.com/AnnieKim/archive/2013/06/15/morristraversal.html),为常数级空间复杂度,符合followup的要求。

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/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
class Solution {

    public void recoverTree(TreeNode root) {
        TreeNode pre = null;
        TreeNode first = null, second = null;
        // Morris Traversal
        TreeNode temp = null;
        while(root!=null){
            if(root.left!=null){
                // connect threading for root
                temp = root.left;
                while(temp.right!=null && temp.right != root)
                    temp = temp.right;
                // the threading already exists
                if(temp.right!=null){
                    if(pre!=null && pre.val > root.val){
                        if(first==null){first = pre;second = root;}
                        else{second = root;}
                    }
                    pre = root;

                    temp.right = null;
                    root = root.right;
                }else{
                    // construct the threading
                    temp.right = root;
                    root = root.left;
                }
            }else{
                if(pre!=null && pre.val > root.val){
                    if(first==null){first = pre;second = root;}
                    else{second = root;}
                }
                pre = root;
                root = root.right;
            }
        }
        // swap two node values;
        if(first!= null && second != null){
            int t = first.val;
            first.val = second.val;
            second.val = t;
        }
    }
}