05 August 2008
Implement a trie with ‘insert’, ‘search’, and ‘startsWith’ methods.
Example:
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Trie trie = new Trie();
trie.insert("apple");
trie.search("apple"); // returns true
trie.search("app"); // returns false
trie.startsWith("app"); // returns true
trie.insert("app");
trie.search("app"); // returns true
Note:
因为只有小写字符,所以用一个大小为26的Trie[]数组来存储所有字符,并用一个标记来记录某个单词是否在前缀树中。
设计前缀树里面的三个方法比较类似,都是将传进来的字符串参数转换成字符数组(不转用charAt()也可以),然后对每个字符进行操作,如果Trie中没有该字符的节点做相应处理,最后移动root索引一步,直至将传进来的字符串中的字符全部处理。
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class TrieNode { // 自定义TrieNode类,方便使用
public TrieNode[] children;
public boolean isEndOfWord;
public TrieNode() {
children = new TrieNode[26]; // Assuming lowercase English letters only
isEndOfWord = false;
}
}
class Trie {
private TrieNode root;
public Trie() {
root = new TrieNode();
}
public void insert(String word) {
TrieNode node = root;
for (char ch : word.toCharArray()) {
int index = ch - 'a';
if (node.children[index] == null) {
node.children[index] = new TrieNode();
}
// 移动去下一个节点
node = node.children[index];
}
node.isEndOfWord = true;
}
public boolean search(String word) {
TrieNode node = searchPrefix(word);
return node != null && node.isEndOfWord;
}
public boolean startsWith(String prefix) {
TrieNode node = searchPrefix(prefix);
return node != null;
}
// helper 方法
public TrieNode searchPrefix(String prefix) {
TrieNode node = root;
for (char ch : prefix.toCharArray()) {
int index = ch - 'a';
// prefix还有,但node不够用了
if (node.children[index] == null) {
return null;
}
// 移动去下一个节点
node = node.children[index];
}
return node;
}
}
/**
* Your Trie object will be instantiated and called as such:
* Trie obj = new Trie();
* obj.insert(word);
* boolean param_2 = obj.search(word);
* boolean param_3 = obj.startsWith(prefix);
*/